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\u3000\u30003.\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u56ed\u6797\u7eff\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e08\u6cd5\u81ea\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u56ed\u6797\u7684\u9020\u56ed\u51c6\u5219\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u5f97\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u655e\u7a7a\u95f4\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u5165\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed9\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6001\u7eff\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6001\u7eff\u5316\u662f\u5728\u6539\u5584\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u878d\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u751f\u6001\u6e38\u61a9\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7eff\u5730\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u751f\u6001\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u5730\u5e26\u690d\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u6f14\u66ff\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u690d\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u4e3a\u7eff\u5316\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u800c\u827a\u672f\u5730\u518d\u73b0\u5730\u5e26\u6027\u7fa4\u843d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7eff\u5730\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4fee\u590d\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u5c42\u6b21\u591a\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u690d\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u7eff\u5730\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6297\u9006\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u4f4e\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u4eca\u5df2\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6001\u7eff\u5316(\u5730)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30001)\u56ed\u6797\u7eff\u5316\u751f\u6001\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u56ed\u6797\u690d\u7269\u8ba1\u7b97\u7eff\u91cf\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u56ed\u6797\u690d\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5de5\u7fa4\u843d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u751f\u6001\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76(\u91ca\u6c27\u56fa\u78b3\u3001\u84b8\u70ed\u5438\u70ed\u3001\u6ede\u5c18\u964d\u5c18\u3001\u51cf\u83cc\u3001\u51cf\u6c61\u3001\u6297\u6c61\u3001\u6297\u5bd2\u7b49)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30002)\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u7eff\u8272\u91cf\u7fa4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u7eff\u8272\u91cf\u3001\u56ed\u6797\u7eff\u5730\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7eff\u5316\u73af\u5883\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0e\u9700\u6c42\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30003)\u57ce\u5e02\u68ee\u6797\u7eff\u5730\u548c\u73af\u5883\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30004)\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6001\u7eff\u5730\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u76ca\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790\u3002         
\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7eff\u5316\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u5d07\u5c1a\u5bcc\u88c5\u9970\u6027\u690d\u7269\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u8f83\u4e1c\u65b9\u4f20\u7edf\u9020\u56ed\u7684\u201c\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u968f\u7740\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u7684\u751f\u6001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u65e9\u548c\u6700\u5feb\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u503e\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30001)\u81ea\u7136\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u690d\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5730\u5f62\u8d77\u4f0f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u5f15\u5165\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5965\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u5fb7(Frederic Law Olmsted)\u6781\u4e3a\u63a8\u5d07\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30002)\u4e61\u571f\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u751f\u6001\u56e0\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u690d\u88ab\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5207\u5408\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u53cd\u6620\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u4e3a\u897f\u95e8\u5fb7\u65af(Simonds)\u548c\u8a79\u900a(Jenson)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30003)\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u751f\u6001\u56e0\u5b50\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u73b0\u72b6\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7eb3\u7ecd\u5c14(Joan 
Nassauer)\u3001\u60e0\u5c14\u514b(Willian Weilk)\u548c\u590f\u6208(Billy Gress)\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u8be5\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30004)\u6062\u590d\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u79cd\u79cd\u79d1\u6280\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u6062\u590d\u5df2\u906d\u7834\u574f\u7684\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u6709K.\u5e0c\u5c14(Kristina Hill)\u548cA.\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af(Agnes Denes)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u6700\u8fd1\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u6001\u5c55\u793a\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u6c11\u4f17\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u751f\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\u3001\u751f\u6001\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5173\u7cfb\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7eff\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6709\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30003.1\u533a\u57df\u7eff\u5730\u4f53\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u533a\u57df\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6307\u57ce\u5e02\u7fa4\u6216\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u57ce\u90ca\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u533a\u57df\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u7eff\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u751f\u6001\u5b89\u5168\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u533a\u57df\u6c34\u5faa\u73af;\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b89\u5168\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u666f\u89c2(\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u666f\u89c2)\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u57ce\u90ca\u548c\u57ce\u4e61\u7ed3\u5408\u90e8\u3001\u6cb3\u53e3\u6e7f\u5730\u662f\u533a\u57df\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u7403\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u91cd\u8981\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3001\u9c7c\u7c7b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6816\u606f\u5730\u6216\u8fc1\u5f99\u8fc7\u5883\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30003.2\u57ce\u5e02\u7eff\u5730\u4f53\u7cfb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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